Motivations in the form of reproof and threats should be avoided with all but which type of learner?

Reproof and threats can be strong motivators for individuals who are overconfident and impulsive because these learners often operate with a level of disregard for the consequences of their actions. They may thrive under pressure and respond actively to challenges, including negative reinforcement, as it often pushes them to prove themselves or assert their capabilities. This type of learner may not be as affected by fear or negative feedback in the same way as those who are more sensitive or vulnerable to criticism.

Conversely, learners who avidly seek group approval, are experiencing a learning plateau, or are struggling with low self-esteem might react negatively to reproof or threats. These learners typically benefit more from encouragement and positive reinforcement. While overconfident and impulsive learners may not be deterred by criticism, the other types of learners often need a supportive environment to foster growth and confidence in their abilities.