Providing opportunities for a learner to practice and then directing this process towards a goal is the basis of the principle of:

The basis of the principle identified is rooted in the concept of exercise in the context of learning. This principle highlights the importance of repetition and practice in enhancing a learner's skills and understanding. When learners are given opportunities to practice, they are actively engaging with the material, reinforcing their knowledge through experience, and making connections that deepen their comprehension.

Additionally, this process is goal-oriented, meaning that practice is not simply about going through the motions but is directed towards achieving specific learning outcomes. By consistently exercising their skills within a structured framework that targets particular goals, learners increase their competence and confidence in the subject matter.

The other options, while related to learning, do not encapsulate the focus on practice and goal-directed effort in quite the same way. Learning is a broader term referring to the accumulation of knowledge over time, readiness pertains to the learner's state of preparedness to engage in learning activities, and feedback involves information given to learners about their performance to guide future learning. All of these elements are essential in the educational process, yet the principle of exercise specifically emphasizes the role of practice in achieving mastery.