What improves retention of information according to learning principles?

Intermittent study sessions, known as spaced repetition, significantly improve retention of information. This principle is rooted in cognitive psychology and emphasizes the idea that information is more effectively retained when study sessions are spread out over time rather than crammed into one extended period. This approach allows the brain to consolidate information, reinforcing learning through repeated exposure while also providing intervals for reflection and review.

When studying intermittently, individuals are less likely to experience cognitive overload and can approach each session with a fresh perspective. This method leverages the brain's ability to strengthen neural connections, which enhances long-term memory retention. Additionally, it encourages active recall practices, allowing learners to test their knowledge periodically, which further solidifies the information in their memory.

The other options also play roles in improving learning and retention, but they do not underscore the significant effects that intermittent sessions have on consolidating knowledge over time. For instance, while overlearning can reinforce skills, it may not be as effective as spaced study sessions for long-term retention. Group discussions engage social learning and can enhance understanding, but they rely on collaborative interaction rather than the spaced approach. Visual aids can facilitate comprehension and recall but do not necessarily impact the retention process as effectively as intermittent sessions do.