Which is generally the more effective way for an instructor to properly motivate learners?

Providing positive motivations through the promise or achievement of rewards is generally more effective in properly motivating learners because it establishes clear goals and incentives that drive engagement and effort. When learners know that their hard work can lead to tangible rewards, they are often more motivated to put in the necessary effort to achieve those goals. This approach leverages intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, encouraging learners to not only complete tasks but also to strive for higher levels of performance.

Furthermore, offering rewards can create a sense of accomplishment and recognition that reinforces the desired behaviors and learning outcomes. This type of motivation helps to create a learning environment where students feel encouraged to take on challenges, knowing there is a reward for their efforts, which can lead to improved satisfaction and retention of knowledge.

While maintaining pleasant relationships and promoting self-confidence are important aspects of the learning process, they may not directly drive the level of motivation associated with goal achievement in the same way that clear rewards do. Encouraging competition can also motivate some learners, but it may not be effective for all and can sometimes lead to negative feelings, which detracts from the overall learning experience.